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Nā Koki‘o o Hawai‘i:  Native Hibiscus of Hawai‘i

All pictures were taken by Hina Adventures at botanical gardens. 

There were 33 species of native hibiscus in the islands before European contact.  Today, most are either endangered or extinct.  Here are a few that have survived.

 

 

The endemic Ma‘o Hau Hele, Hawai‘i's official State flower, is believed to be extinct in the wild, however it grows quite well in botanical gardens. 

 
 

The O‘ahu Koki‘o Ke‘oke‘o one of the few hibiscus species in the world with a fragrance.  Its relatives, the Kaua‘i white hibiscus and the Moloka‘i white hibiscus, look similar but with slight variations.  The Moloka‘i species is very rare and only found in one location on the island.  Because of their fragrance, the O‘ahu and Kaua‘i hibiscus has been used most often in hybridization throughout the world, and has even been exported to other places for use as decorative landscaping. 

 

The rare St. John's hibiscus is found naturally only in the forests of northwestern Kaua‘i.

 

The Koki‘o ‘Ula, our native red hibiscus, comes not only in red, but in shades of similar color, ranging from pink through orange.  This was Hawai‘i's official flower from 1923 to 1988.  It was replaced because of confusion between it and the ornamental Chinese Hibiscus, also red but with much larger and abundant flowers. 

 

‘Ilima - This small, delicate-looking flower is a hearty relative to the hibiscus.  It grows as a shrub and is still commonly seen on roadsides and in yards today.  It takes hundreds of flowers to string one lei (garland), but the result is a most beautiful adornment.  Once deemed Hawai‘i's national flower, it was replaced by the red hibiscus in 1923, then the yellow hibiscus in 1988 (both seen above). 

 

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This page was last updated on Saturday, August 30, 2008.  Hina Adventures, Inc.  All Rights Reserved.